第8篇：九变篇
孙子兵法
Sun Tzu’s
THE ART OF WAR
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[
九变篇
](#jiubian)
目录 1 [
始计篇
](/chapter-1-laying-plans/)
2 [
作战篇
](/chapter-2-waging-war/)
3 [
谋攻篇
](/chapter-3-attack-by-stratagem/)
4 [
军形篇
](/chapter-4-tactical-dispositions/)
5 [
兵势篇
](/chapter-5-energy/)
6 [
虚实篇
](/chapter-6-weak-points-and-strong/)
7 [
军争篇
](/chapter-7-maneuvering/)
8 [
九变篇
](/chapter-8-variation-in-tactics/)
9 [
行军篇
](/chapter-9-the-army-on-the-march/)
10 [
地形篇
](/chapter-10-terrain/)
11 [
九地篇
](/chapter-11-the-nine-situations/)
12 [
火攻篇
](/chapter-12-the-attack-by-fire/)
13 [
用间篇
](/chapter-13-the-use-of-spies/)
孙子兵法
Sun Tzu’s
THE ART OF WAR
[
首页
](/)
[
九变篇
](#jiubian)
目录 1 [
始计篇
](/chapter-1-laying-plans/)
2 [
作战篇
](/chapter-2-waging-war/)
3 [
谋攻篇
](/chapter-3-attack-by-stratagem/)
4 [
军形篇
](/chapter-4-tactical-dispositions/)
5 [
兵势篇
](/chapter-5-energy/)
6 [
虚实篇
](/chapter-6-weak-points-and-strong/)
7 [
军争篇
](/chapter-7-maneuvering/)
8 [
九变篇
](/chapter-8-variation-in-tactics/)
9 [
行军篇
](/chapter-9-the-army-on-the-march/)
10 [
地形篇
](/chapter-10-terrain/)
11 [
九地篇
](/chapter-11-the-nine-situations/)
12 [
火攻篇
](/chapter-12-the-attack-by-fire/)
13 [
用间篇
](/chapter-13-the-use-of-spies/)
《孙子兵法·九变篇》 孙子曰：凡用兵之法，将受命于君，合军聚众。圮地无舍，衢地交合，绝地无留，围地则谋，死地则战。涂有所不由，军有所不击，城有所不攻，地有所不争，君命有所不受。故将通于九变之地利者，知用兵矣；将不通于九变之利者，虽知地形，不能得地之利者矣。治兵不知九变之术，虽知五利，不能得人之用矣。
是故智者之虑，必杂于利害。杂于利，而务可信也；杂于害，而患可解也。是故屈诸侯者以害，役诸侯者以业，趋诸侯者以利。故用兵之法，无恃其不来，恃吾有以待也；无恃其不攻，恃吾有所不可攻也。
故将有五危：必死，可杀也；必生，可虏也；忿速，可侮也；廉洁，可辱也；爱民，可烦也。凡此五者，将之过也，用兵之灾也。覆军杀将必以五危，不可不察也。
白话译文： 孙子说：凡是用兵的法则，主将受领国君的命令，征集兵员编成军队，在“圮地”上不要驻止，在“衢地”上应结交诸侯，在“绝地”上不可停留，遇到“围地”要巧出奇谋，陷入“死地”就要殊死奋战。有的道路不宜通过，有的敌军不宜攻击，有的城邑不宜攻占，有的地方不宜争夺，不合乎上述“九变”的，即使是国君的命令，也可以不执行。所以，将帅能通晓九变好处的，就懂得用兵了，将帅不通晓九变好处的，虽然知道地形情况，也不能得地利。指挥军队而不知道各种机变的方法，虽然知道“五利”，也不能充分发挥军队的战斗力。
所以，明智的将帅考虑问题，总是兼顾到利和害两个方面。在有利情况下考虑到不利的方面，事情就可以顺利进行；在不利情况下考虑到有利的方面，祸患就可以避免。能使诸侯屈服的，是用诸侯最害怕的事情去威胁它；能役使诸侯的，是用危险的事情去困扰它；能使诸侯归附的，是用利益去引诱它。所以用兵的法则，不要寄希望于敌人不来打，而要依靠自己严阵以待，充分准备；不要寄希望于敌人不来进攻，而要依靠自己有使敌人无法攻破的充足力量和办法。
将帅有五种致命弱点：有勇无谋，只知死拼，就可能被敌诱杀；临阵畏怯，贪生怕死，就可能被敌俘虏；急躁易怒，一触即跳，就可能受敌凌辱而妄动；廉洁而爱好名声，过于自尊，就可能被敌侮辱而失去理智；溺爱民众，就可能被敌烦扰而陷于被动。这五点是将帅易犯的过失，是用兵的灾害。军队的覆灭、将帅的被杀，都是由于这五种致命弱点造成的，这是做将帅的人不可不充分注意的。
英语译文： #### Chapter 8: Variation In Tactics Sun Tzu said:
In general, the principles of warfare are as follows: the commander receives orders from the ruler, mobilizes troops, and forms the army. On “dispersive ground,” do not remain; on “facile ground,” form alliances with neighboring states; on “contentious ground,” do not linger; on “encircled ground,” devise clever stratagems; on “desperate ground,” fight with determination.
There are roads that should not be taken, armies that should not be attacked, cities that should not be besieged, and ground that should not be contested. If a command from the ruler does not accord with these principles of adaptability, it need not be obeyed. Therefore, a general who understands the advantages of these variations knows how to employ troops; one who does not understand them, even if familiar with terrain, cannot gain its advantage. One who commands troops without understanding the methods of adaptation, even if aware of the “five advantages,” cannot fully utilize the army’s strength.
Thus, a wise commander always considers both advantage and disadvantage. In favorable circumstances, he anticipates potential risks, ensuring success; in unfavorable circumstances, he seeks possible advantages, thereby avoiding disaster. He subdues rival states by threatening what they fear most; he drives them into action by troubling them with dangers; he draws them into submission by offering benefits.
Therefore, in warfare, do not rely on the enemy not coming; rely instead on being fully prepared. Do not rely on the enemy not attacking; rely instead on having the strength and means to make yourself unassailable.
A commander has five dangerous weaknesses: recklessness without strategy, which may lead to being lured and destroyed; cowardice, which may lead to capture; impulsiveness and quick temper, which may lead to provocation and rash action; excessive concern for honor and reputation, which may lead to being insulted and losing judgment; and overindulgence toward the troops, which may lead to being harassed and placed at a disadvantage.
These five are serious faults in a commander and disasters in warfare. The destruction of an army and the death of its commander often result from these weaknesses. They are matters that must be carefully examined and guarded against by those who lead armies.
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